It’s Time for Cities to Reject the Welfare Mentality :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It’s Time for Cities to Reject the Welfare Mentality Everywhere throughout the country from New York to Los Angeles, from San Diego to Milwaukee-urban communities are on the bounce back. Each fruitful city has achieved its renaissance in its own specific manner, with its own exceptional contort. Be that as it may, in the event that you look over the range of thriving urban communities, you can recognize an away from of rules that prompts urban wellbeing. To begin with, there is an absolute dismissal of the old city government assistance state belief system, whose times of bombed approaches drove the country's urban areas to the edge. Urban government, that thought went, was most importantly to accomplish social equity and the elevate of poor people. It appeared to bode well: Cities consistently had large focuses both of needy individuals to help and of riches to burden. So urban areas heaped on government assistance advantages and social administrations, made gigantic organizations to oversee them, and burdened intensely to support them. Be that as it may, things didn't turn out to be true to form. With the data upheaval, each one of those organizations whose extraordinary high rises made them look everlastingly established there no longer must be in the urban areas to be close to their providers, clients, or financiers. What's more, worldwide rivalry expected them to get proficient and cut expenses. No more might they be able to leg itimize paying high corporate annual assessments, business lease charges, swelled utility duties. So the quantity of Fortune 500 organizations headquartered in New York tumbled from 140 out of 1947 to 31 at this point. What's more, the new, littler organizations that have produced the entirety of the new openings of the previous decade or all the more never fired up in a considerable lot of the old urban areas. Result: A city like New York has made not one single net new position since World War II. More awful, the expensive city government assistance state turned out not to work. All the pointers are more regrettable, worse, than when the entire salvage exertion started. The downtown wrongness rate is far up, the urban secondary school graduation rate path down. The destitution rate hasn't dropped and, until the new-worldview changes, the government assistance reliance rate had taken off. Every one of these billions of dollars exacerbated the situation, since, we learned, if networks don't make their residents by and by answerable for themselves and their families, however rather reveal to them they're casualties, they will get reliant and debilitated. On the off chance that the government assistance state advises individuals that it's fine to have ill-conceived kids, that destitution pardons wrongdoing, that government assistance installments are proper reparations for chronicled exploitation, and that working in impasse occupations for sucker change is undignified-what can re sult however wrongness, wrongdoing, government assistance reliance, and non-work?

Feudalism in European and Japanese Society

Feudalism was utilized in both Japan and Europe and in that capacity, promotion likenesses among in Uses including the premise the framework depended on, the pecking order engaged with such a framework, and the foundations masters worked as their homes. Be that as it may, because of fluctuating societies, the medieval framework had a bunch contrasts in the two nations; from the premise of thoughts with respect to the primitive framework (I. E.Confucianism and Kong Quiz versus Catholicism and Roman supreme laws) to the date of foundation of feudalism as a social framework in their separate nations; installment of the master and humble for the military help performed by the serfs, laborers, and samurai to he repugnance of self destruction, or scarcity in that department when with respect to samurai, by knights because of their authoritative to Catholic Christian law. Primitive European and Japanese social orders were based on a various leveled society firstly.Various levels of social l ayers were the premise of previously mentioned medieval social orders. These degrees of layers included (1) nobles (2) warriors and (3) sharecroppers or serfs. In the same way as other antiquated and medieval social orders, social versatility was never really at all important focal point and accordingly it was a close to nonexistent thing in primitive social orders in both Europe and Japan. Likewise, these primitive social orders cultivated a bounty of regard for the warrior class, coming from steady fighting and their capacity as nearby rulers. The warrior class was limited by a code of ethics.For model, European knights were relied upon to follow a code of gallantry while Japanese samurai were required to follow the regulation of what is called bushier â€?in different words, â€Å"the method of the warrior. † Finally, primitive masters in the two nations, Europe and Japan, manufactured solid and enormous manors that could be utilized for resistance from intruders and fur thermore filled in as security for themselves and their vassals, seeing as that all by itself was the fundamental statute f feudalismâ€protection in return for reverence, work, and a portion of the farming harvest.On the opposite side of the coin, the premise of thoughts with respect to the medieval arrangement of society contrasted from Europe to Japan. European feudalism was established on the authority of the Catholic Church, a component of European life that was progressively significant in such a medieval society, alongside Roman royal laws and customs any semblance of which were upheld by said Catholic Church. Thus, the advantageous connection between a ruler and his vassals was viewed as authoritative, a thought starting from he old disparage relationship found in the Roman Empire.The masters o offered both assurance and installment while the vassals gave their total unwaveringness to the rulers. Though Japanese feudalism started on the statutes of Confucianism and the ten et of the Chinese scholar, Kong Quiz. These teachings stressed profound quality and obedient pietyâ€respect for the two bosses and older folks ?and worked as the quintessential â€Å"moral compass† Of the two laborers and residents who were required to respect and pay duties to the warrior class.Secondly, feudalism advanced toward Europe well before it surfaced in Japanâ€800 A. D. Versus 1100 AD. Separately. This appearance of feudalism in Japan agreed with the completion of the Hein time frame and the ascent to intensity of the Kumara Shogun. Be that as it may, numerous years after the fact, European feudalism went to a lurching end in the sixteenth century because of the development of more grounded political states, consequently disposing of the requirement for the cooperative connection between the master and the vassals and serfs encouraged by feudalism.Japanese feudalism would later locate its inescapable end in 1868 because of the Meijer Restoration. Moreover, Eu ropean knights were skilled land by their rulers as a celebrate of their military assistance and as such they had tremendous command over the serfs who worked the talented land. This differentiations against the life of the Japanese samurai seeing as they en at any point claimed any land in their feudalism society.Instead, humble utilized a level of their yearly salary, for the most part gathered from burdening workers, so as to pay the samurai. (This compensation was commonly paid in rice. ) Lastly, Catholic Christian law restricted knights from ending it all and, rather, urged the battle to evade demise in both fight and life. This statute of Catholicism starts from the conviction that the individuals who go end it all are improved to heck, a result that is incomprehensible in the Christian faith.The Japanese, then again, invited passing observing as they had no strict alliance and saw no compelling reason to fear their own mortality or the outcomes that would without a doubt acco mpany such an irreversible demonstration. In their point of view, ending it all notwithstanding unavoidable thrashing saved their respect as warriors, in this way self destruction was fair in Japanese culture. It is intriguing to note, in any case, that in spite of the fact that Japan and Europe had no quantifiable contact with each other during this timeframe, hello figured out how to create sociopolitical frameworks similar to each other.

Should I Do The Optional Harvard Supplement TKG

Should I Do The Optional Harvard Supplement In what is probably the most ‘get to the point’ post we’ve ever written: YES. You should absolutely do the Optional Harvard Supplement.If we have you convinced, go check out our advice on how to write it.If you aren’t convinced yet, please keep reading.Getting into Harvard is a pretty big deal. It’s the big deal of big deals. The biggest deal. Their admissions rate is one of the lowest in the world - just above 5% - so a tiny piece of your application is crucial. Because of this, every opportunity you get to showcase yourself should be heralded as a gift.Which is to say that there is no such thing as an optional supplement. It’s like when your parents ask you to set the table for dinner or to watch your sibling while they go out on date night. It’s not really optional. You could say no, but you’d still have to do it, so the idea of you having any say in the matter is false. You’re being voluntold to do it, and we’re voluntelling you to write the supplement.Yes, we know it’s miserable. Yes, we know you’re tired and taking on more work seems ridiculous and unmanageable. Yes, we’re here to help you if you need support. But whether you work with a pro or decide to go solo, you have to do it. Every Harvard applicant is so ridiculously impressive that doing the supplement isn’t just important, it’s imperative.Like we said, you need to take every opportunity to show who you are, and strong writing is what will take you from a maybe, or even a no, to a yes. This is especially true if you’re in the 25-50th percentile so already on the cusp of having your application disregarded.But, don’t worry too much, we have tips to help you out! And, if you’re curious as to what the fuss is about, check out the (not so) optional supplement below.Harvard’s ‘Optional’ Supplement 2017-2018You may wish to include an additional essay if you feel that the college application forms do not provide sufficient opportunity to convey important informat ion about yourself or your accomplishments. You may write on a topic of your choice, or you may choose from one of the following topics:Unusual circumstances in your lifeTravel or living experiences in other countriesWhat you would want your future college roommate to know about youAn intellectual experience (course, project, book, discussion, paper, poetry, or research topic in engineering, mathematics, science or other modes of inquiry) that has meant the most to youHow you hope to use your college educationA list of books you have read during the past twelve monthsThe Harvard College Honor code declares that we “hold honesty as the foundation of our community.” As you consider entering this community that is committed to honesty, please reflect on a time when you or someone you observed had to make a choice about whether to act with integrity and honesty.The mission of Harvard College is to educate our students to be citizens and citizen-leaders for society. What would you do to contribute to the lives of your classmates in advancing this mission?You may write on a topic of your choice.Please note: If you do not intend to provide a response to this optional question, you do not need to submit the writing supplement. If you encounter any problems submitting your application, please upload a document that says “Not Applicable” and hit submit.”

The Emotional Functions Of Apology - 897 Words

In many cultures, it is not uncommon to show remorse for one’s transgression with an apology. People have been taught as young children to give an apology when they themselves have transgressed. While there have been previous studies on apology done with adults, there are very few empirical studies on children’s perspective on apologies. However, previous studies that have been done on children focused primarily on children’s ability to associate apologies with outcomes of forgiveness and the deservingness of punishment(Darby Schlenker, 1982). Smith, Chen, and Harris conducted a study to explore children’s understanding of the emotional implications of an apology. The key functions of apology are the expression of remorse by a transgressor and the alleviation of upset feelings in a victim (Smith, Chen, Harris, 2010). The main goal of the researchers was to determine whether children understand the emotional functions of the apology. Research conducted p reviously on children provides some insight on their understanding of apology. A study conducted by Kochanska, Casey, and Fukumoto discovered that young children wouldn’t apologize for damaged objects unless they were led to believe they caused the damage (1995). A recent study also found that preschool children would spontaneously apologize when in situations involving physical harm (Schleinen, Ross, Ross, 2010). These studies show that children at an early age know when to apologize once they have recognized theyShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Socrates As A Tragic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pagesmany philosophers were creating their own understanding of how the individuals of society function and the purpose of existence; one of these philosophers was Socrates. Spending majority of his life in Athens, Socrates exercised his freedom of speech, for which, he had vocalized his opinions to the people of Athens of the authority of the government and whether if the they are suita ble to help society function in a positive light (Brumbaugh 230). However, in the development of government, the conservativeRead MoreRestorative Justice Is The Modern Day961 Words   |  4 PagesShalom is a word brought forth from Hebrew Scripture, â€Å"the word shalom was used to describe the ideal state in which the community should function. It meant much more than absence of conflict; it signified completeness, fulfillment, and wholeness—the existence of right relationships among individuals, the community, and God† (Daniel W. Van Ness, 2014, p. 41). Restorative justice is the modern day attempt to reach a condition close to this state and if implemented properly, it will be paramountRead MoreTruth, Reconciliation, Healing : A Curriculum1478 Words   |  6 Pagesassimilate aboriginal peoples into the dominant Canadian culture by â€Å"killing the Indian in the child.† By converting the aboriginal children to â€Å"western† society, the goal was to make First Nations economically self-sufficient and have the ability to function in the new world dominated by strangers. At its peak during the 1930s, the residential school system totaled 80 institutions (Miller, 2001). The whole system was traumatizing for children being ripped from their parents at a young age and taken toRead MorePart Indigenous Speeches Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 2 – Part A: Indigenous speeches – research essay The Apology – Prime Minister Kevin Rudd On the 13th February 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, offered an Apology to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People by way of a speech that he presented to the 42nd parliament of the Commonwealth. His speech outlined the past oppression of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who had to endure pain and suffering. Children were forcibly removed from their families. Mr Rudd openedRead MoreSocrates : The Fear Of Death1717 Words   |  7 PagesPhil 10200 Cai 06/16/2017 Socrates on The Fear of Death In Plato’s â€Å"Apology†, Plato captures the arguments that Socrates makes about death. Socrates attitude towards the fear of death was a thought or imagination based on the limitation of our knowledge for we do not know about the truth of something without experiencing, and not on its facts. Socrates believes people should not fear death, and he calls the fear of death to be false wisdom. This statement Socrates proves it based on the followingRead MoreInfidelity, a Negative Activity in Facebook1426 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Williams (1976), culture is reflected as a way of life, activities, beliefs and customs practised by an individual, a group or a society. They developed themselves from the aspects of intellectuality, spirituality and aesthetically. Seven functions of culture according to Mazrui (1996) are communication, perception, identity, value systems, motivation, stratification and production and consumption. Facebook was launched on the 4th of February by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004. Recently, the well-knownRead MoreResidential Schools898 Words   |  4 Pagesplace as a method of imposing norms on a younger generation that had been deemed fit for transformation (Ibid). This policy resulted in a vulnerable group being removed from their homes and placed into an environment plagued with physical, sexual, emotional, and spiritual abuse. Isolation from all aspects of one’s culture was degrading, isolating, and discouraging. The implementation of residential schools can be considered an action taken with societies best interests in mind. The policy initiallyRead MoreFunctions of Marketing and Public Relations1238 Words   |  5 PagesFunctions of Marketing. A market analysis is a method used to determine the current market and understand the competition. By analysing what’s trending you can use this to identify an audience, and improve sales by creating what people want. A marketing strategy is a plan identifying your target market, goals and objectives. It should include the 4 P’s. The purpose of a marketing strategy is to provide you with a structure and time limits. Advertising is an effective way to communicate. AdvertisingRead MoreThe Importance Of A Multi Directional Communication862 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that their responsibilities are overlapped because lower level risk is nested within the levels above and they can interact with each other. For example, managing emotional risk is both a personal responsibility and an organizational responsibility. Personal skill, personality traits, and other aspects determine individual emotional communication patterns. An organization can regulate emotions by determining which kinds of emotions will be rewarded or punished. In addition, career risk managementRead MoreModern Day Society : The Legacies Of Historical Globalization1253 Words   |  6 Pagessociety functions normally without it. While contemporary society does operate normally without dwelling, it is important to acknowledge legacies of historical globalization. Dwelling on the legacies of historical globalization can help us function better as people, it helps us realize that we are not perfect. First, people say events that happened in the past are still impacting us today. For example, residential schools in Canada have left a current generation of First Nations with emotional scars

Gmos Should Be Avoided - 1183 Words

GMOs Should Be Avoided As stated in the Organic Consumers Association, 80 percent of the food consumed in America is processed, and 75 percent of the processed food contains Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs) (Carolanne). GMOs are living organisms that their genetics had been unnaturally modified through scientists and engineers. This is a serious issue which every consumer in America is facing today. The rate of obesity had doubled since 1982, and this is only the visible effects of Genetically Modified (GM) food in the human body. There are more inner problems that a person can encounter by eating GM food. However, it does not end there. GM food can also cause problems for the environment. GM crops are a threat to birds, herbicides, insects, and even to water. GM food can be harmful to the human body and to the environment. Therefore, the U.S. should limit its use, and find some solutions. Today, America is facing a severe matter regarding the consumption of GM food. The human body is at a high exposure and risk of several health problems. Consumers should be aware of the dangers of GM food, and they should avoid it as much as possible. Because GM food costs less than organic food, and it is a huge business for biotech companies. Recently, America knew a big development of GMOs in our food. Therefore, many experiments were done since the discovery of GMOs; the results were clear and evident. The consumption of GMOs in a long term can be harmful to the human body, yet aShow MoreRelatedNutritional Labeling And Education Act ( Fda )1405 Words   |  6 PagesGMO: Your Right to Know The fight to know what’s in your food is not a new one. Consumers have fought long and hard for foods to have labels containing their simple ingredients. Finally in 1990 the Food and Drug administration established the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (fda.gov). However the fight to know what is in our food is far from over. Bioengineering has come a long way and has resulted in food that grows faster and with more consistent quality. This is at the expense of theRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesmodified organisms has become a nation wide debate. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living organisms whose genetic material has been altered or manipulated using genetic engineering. According to the Grocery Manufacturers Association, between 70% and 80% of packaged food in grocery stores in America contain GMOs (Moodie). Americans can find GMOs in cereal, yogurt, corn, and many more food items. Although GMOs are promoted by ma ny GM crop producing companies as harmless, recent studies haveRead MoreAre Gmos Harmful Or Harmful?1115 Words   |  5 Pagesdown to the same idea: they can be very harmful. GMOs are included on this long list of things that can pose a risk to one’s health. GMOs, because of their unnatural modifications, create several health problems that could be reduced or completely avoided by consuming non-GMO products. GMOs are very harmful to one’s health, but in order to understand what they do to one’s health, it must first be stated what a GMO is and why they are produced. â€Å"GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, are plants orRead MoreWhy The Bad Rap?1114 Words   |  5 PagesGMO- Why the Bad Rap? GMO-It’s a phrase that scares a lot of people, but when you get down to it, almost everything in modern society is a GMO. Take dogs, for example; they began as wild wolves and have been manipulated by humans over hundreds of years to become domesticated companions that we have come to cherish. You know the big, juicy strawberries that we can’t wait to eat every summer have been modified to withstand modern climates, and to optimize nutrition and taste. Ancient farmers of theRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods And The Human Body1159 Words   |  5 Pagesmodified foods are known to be unhealthy for the human body. When creating these genetically modified organisms, also known as GMOs, three main components are required, the gene you want to transfer, the organism you want to put it into, and a vector to carry the gene into that organism’s cells. The unnaturalness of this procedure can cause problems in the human body. GMOs were introduced to consumers in 1994 and since then health problems have increased. From 1996 to 2005, there was a 6% increaseRead MoreNegtive Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS) Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesgrocery store. This has gone largely unnoticed by the general public. Maybe you’ve heard of a GMO? These supposedly improved, genetically modified organisms aren’t very beneficial to our bodies at all, but the FDA wouldn’t want us to notice that. GMOS include alfalfa, corn, flax, rice, sugar beets, yellow summer squash, canola, cotton, papaya, soy, zucchini and wheat. What are GMOS exactly? According to the Non-GMO Project they are, †Ã¢â‚¬Å"genetically modified organisms,† are plants or animals created throughRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms The Root Of All Evil1180 Words   |  5 Pages Are genetically modified organisms the root of all evil in the nutrition of our society? Essentially, not at all, GMOS are modified to enhance the original organism by manipulating the genetic code to produce a different outcome. Genetically modified organisms were developed all the way back to the prehistoric times when people were genetically modifying their food without realizing it . Our ancestors didn’t have an idea what genetics were but they did have an idea of artificial selection or selectiveRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops : A New Breakthrough Of The Agricultural Industry1636 Words   |  7 Pageshealth threats still unknown, stricter government regulations should be enforced. With the world’s population exponentially increasing, massive hunger in third world countries, and an ever-changing environment due to climate change, conventional crops can no longer sustain the world’s population. The solution to this conundrum lies in the introduction of genetically modified crops: a new breakthrough in the agricultural industry. GMOs (Genetically modified organisms) have resistance to new aggressiveRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Safe Or Unsafe?1181 Words   |  5 PagesSafe or Unsafe? A GMO (genetically modified organism) is the outcome of a lab procedure where qualities from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the qualities of a unrelated plant or animal. The qualities might originate from bacteria, infections, insects, animals or even people. GMO is when an organism has been altered genetically in order to look more pleasing to the consumer’s eyes. It is also used for making the plants stronger and more likely to survive the harshRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Genetically Modified Organisms1447 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the nation. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living organisms whose genetic material has been altered or manipulated using genetic engineering. According to the Grocery Manufacturers Association, between seventy percent and eighty percent of packaged food in grocery stores in America contain GMOs (Moodie). Americans can find GMOs in cereal, yogurt, corn, and many more food items. Although ma ny GM crop producing companies promote GMOs as harmless, recent studies have proven otherwise

Management and Stress - 1712 Words

Stress CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Statement of the Research Problem How do you cope with stress in the workplace to achieve a more balanced lifestyle? Stress is a part of everybodys life. Depending on the level of stress, it can control our lives, especially in the workplace. We begin to spend several long hours at work, and thus have less time for other things. Stressed employees may be unhappy and thus produce nominally. Stress can deteriorate social and family relationships and eventually burn you out; ultimately it can take toll on your health. Organizations need to recognize stress as a problem and decide whether or not to act upon it. Background Information This question needs to be answered because stress is a problem that†¦show more content†¦The research will explore factors causing stress in the workplace and its impact on organizations. Effective methods of coping with stress will be given, but limited to ones examined in the secondary resources. Research Procedures The project will focus on stress factors in the workplace and effective methods to balance a healthy lifestyle. The sample group will consist of 30 individuals randomly selected from general business areas. The survey will be conducted during lunch periods when several employees leave and return to the workplace. The questionnaire will attempt to see if the sample individuals believe stress is a problem and what can be done to resolve it. The questionnaire will be delivered in person and each individual will fill out the survey at that point. Since the survey will be conducted in a general public area, no authorization is needed to administer. Once I receive all the surveys, I will quantify the data into an Excel spreadsheet. I will report the data mostly in percentages (e.g. 70percent of the individuals acknowledge that stress is a problem in the workplace). The data will be utilized to see if stress is a factor impacting the American workforce. Stress management techniques will be presented where appropriate. Additional Information Data and references will be collected between now October 12, 1996 through November 5,1996. I will conduct the survey individually. The gathering of references will also beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Stress and Stress Management1494 Words   |  6 Pages Stress and stress management: What is stress and how to manage it ? Stress is defined as a force that tends to strain or deform (b) mental emotional or physical tension, strain or distress-(v) to put emphasis on (c ) to subject to strain or pressure. Stress is a unwanted feeling of emotions and physiological arousal that some experience in certain situations. Stress can mean different things to various people. People have said; â€Å"That stress can causeRead MoreA Short Note On Stress Management And Stress Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesStania Tavil Dr. Diane D. Ashe Psychology 2012 October 15, 2016 Stress Management In everyday life, people have to deal with some good moments and some difficulties. They can be helpful and also destructive. Life Comes down to several characteristic as:/ joy, love, sadness, crying etc. There are many phenomena that appear and seem good and a little weird too sometimes. They can be: physical, moral, social, economic, psychological, natural disaster, or failing to achieve. Everyone wants to be happyRead MoreStress Management in the Workplace1100 Words   |  5 PagesWriting Assignment Consultant For Methodist Hospital: Stress Management Module Tomeka Flowers ORG 5270 University of the Rockies ORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 2 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Abstract In recent months Methodist Hospital have developed a stress management program. The organization is struggling in their ability consistently manage the program. Though stress management program was designed to offer services that can be beneficialRead MoreEssay on Stress Management649 Words   |  3 PagesStress Management Responses to stressors present different impacts on each individual. Stressors have a physical and psychological effect on people although some people seem to be much less effected by stress being able to withstand high levels of stress almost as if there daily lives depend on it. Even though it is accepted stress is with us from are waking moment to the minute we sleep, almost all individuals through time suffer physical or psychological illness. IndividualRead MoreStress Management Plan1516 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management Plan When I was gathering resources for my first stress portfolio, one picture left a deep impression. It says: â€Å"there are only two times I feel stress: day and night.† Yes, stress exists along with our whole life; it may seem that there is nothing that we can do about stress. The homework and exams will keep coming, there is endless study and work in the day, and our career and family responsibilities will always be demanding. However, the good news is that stress can be managedRead MoreStress Management Techniques : Coping1498 Words   |  6 Pages Stress Management Techniques: Coping in a World with Everlasting Stressors Stress is a well-known contributor to a degraded quality of life. Stress can put one into a state of despair, as well as cause many negative health effects. The different types of stress include acute stress, prolonged stress, and chronic stress. Stress is influenced by stressors, which are variables that cause stress to occur. In addition to there being several types of stress, there are many symptoms associated withRead MoreApplying A Stress Management Schedule1529 Words   |  7 Pages With the intention of managing stress, I decided to implement a stress management schedule, which I would continually develop, over the course of 11 weeks. With a focus on yoga, I hoped to gain an important insight on the valuable implications that proper stress management can have in my life. Improving my physical and emotional health can not only positively affect my own self, but also can positively affect the way I manage my own work life and relationships with others. Since being in collegeRead MoreStress Management Reflection Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesAfter learning about stress in this class my understanding is that, stress symptoms may be affecting your health, even though you might not realize it. You may think illness is to blame for that nagging headache, your frequent forgetfulness or your decreased productivity at work. But sometimes stress is to blame. Indeed, stress symptoms can affect your body, your thoughts and feelings, and your behavior. There is a long list of serious health problems that may develop due to stress. Some include depressionRead MoreStress Management (Children) Essays1225 Words   |  5 PagesStress affects each of the five dimensions of health: physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual. Examples of distressors (negative stressors) that children and adolescents may confront within these dimensions include: illness, injury, inadequate nutrition, and low levels of physical fitness (physical dimension); pressures to excel in academic and extracurricular activities, depression, and anxiety (mental/emotional dimension); relational issues, peer pressure, and dysfunctional familyRead MoreStress Management : My Area Of Weakness1639 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management: My Area of Weakness My father calls me â€Å"Alka-Seltzer† because I am like its effervescent flow. I overreact to simple things such as dropping a tablespoon on the floor or even listening to the tic tac sound of the clock. My temper is always at its highest and I expect perfection in everything pursue in addition to getting out of control when things do not result according to my expectations. Similarly, my husband compares me to squirrels because they are always hyper and nervous

Public Management in Public Sector Services †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Management in Public Sector Services. Answer: Introduction: The article focuses onpublic management in public sector service of Australia. The article commences with Kennett government reforms in the Victoria Public Service and then goes on to describe the reforms put forward by the Howard Government in the Australian Public service. Australia has a wider public sector controlled by larger number of government organizations outside core public service for performing different functions along with providing varied services to the community. Organizations of such stature include the public utilities that provide electricity, transport and services related to water supply. Other organizations of the public sector include the organizations that undertook operating outside the framework of public service including the non-commercial public broadcasting organizations, research institutions and the education supported by government. The article shows how the Kennett government undertook reforms to ensure that the Australian people were able to cut b ack on the social spending ensure privatization of the public assets and prevent attacks on the worker wages and conditions. Between the year 1992 and 1999, the Victorian State Government guided by Jeff Kennett led to implementation of a widespread public service restructuring program observed by Australia, a portion of it is engaged with the major changes taking place in the organization and the operations of the local government. The article also draws an insight into reforms of public sector reforms proposed by the Howard Government that led to the improvement of the workplace relations thereby ensuring a rise in productivity and the living standards of the Australian people. Factors Influencing the Public Sector Reform by Kennett Government Three factors led to influence the public sector reform agenda put forward by Kennett government. These involved the support for the ideas of public choice, concerns for the state budget and the initiatives for micro economic reform at the national level (Aulich, 1999). The key factor that underpinned the reform agenda of the public sector by the Kennett government remained in the acceptance of the public choice ideology under the successive party led governments throughout 1980s. During this time, government in the highly developed industrial countries slowed down the public sector growth and hence reduced the fiscal deficit through the applications of the public theory that assumed that with the procedure of decision-making, it is necessary for the individuals in maximizing their utility through behaving in self-interested and rational manner. However, for attaining the outcomes there were funding cuts in the public sector, expansion in themanagement approaches of the private sector, privatisation of the various public instrumentalities, application of mechanisms of the pseudo market for delivering public goods (O'Flynn, 2007). The second key force acting as the motivating factor for the public sector reform agenda undertaken by Kennett government was the financial circumstances faced by the public sector finance of Victoria during the period that led up to the elections(Guthrie, 1998). The Kennett government initiated investigation into the finances of the public sector through the appointment of the Victorian Commission of Audit (VCA). The Kennett government mentioned that the audit would ensure the Victorian public with a comprehensive and accurate statement of the state of finances of the state. The VCA published its final report in the year May 1993 and had two volumes (English, 2003). The first volume comprised of the financial matters while the second volume showed the means by which the government ran. The Victorian economy also faced two additional problems. The first resulted from a higher number people moving towards the other states that rose from 5,799 in the year 1985 to about 30,081 in the ye ar 1993 (English Guthrie, 2001). The financial debts were the second problem that resulted due to the failure of Victorian Economic Development Corporation along with collapse of Tricontinental. Such economic conditions became quite notable in the brokerage market of the world. The state government ratings downgraded to AA from the AAA mark. To restore the finances of the state, the VCA put forward various recommendations to Kennett government. The primary amongst them included the reduction of the debt of the state sector through privatizations and sales, reduction of the spending levels and the increase of taxation. The third factor that influenced the Kennett government for undertaking the reforms in the public sector remained in the prevailing political and public discourse on the microeconomic reforms (Jones Kettl, 2006). The Kennett government came to power during the time when there persisted a need for micro-economic reforms especially in public sector by State and the Federal governments throughout the Australia The Approach of the Kennett Government The Kennett government put forward a highhanded approach where the government asserted its right of reforming the sector of the local government and demanded it to be followed by the local council (Smith, 2004). However, the Kennett government also thought on line that acceptance by the local council was difficult unless compelled. As the Kennett government had large majorities in both houses of State Parliament, the policies implemented had a smooth passage in becoming a law. There was subsequent reduction for any kind of debate or consultation. The Kennett government also led to the removal of the right of individual councils in appealing the proposals for restructuring via Supreme Court. This prevented costly and unnecessary litigation. Under the Kennett government, the policy measures passed in the Parliament at quite a rapid rate. This led to the reduction of the opportunities for scrutiny or consultation from the stakeholders. In a matter of simply 15 months, the Kennett govern ment restructured and dismissed the local councils into the larger units headed by the newly appointed chief executive officer (Van Gramberg Teicher, 2000). Another striking feature of the policies for reform was the implementation of single frame for the local government. Further, the Kennett government ignored diversity between the local councils primarily in terms of physical size and population, nature of the provided services, the councils financial situation and use of the tendering practices that were competitive. The Kennett Government Reform Policies between 1992 and 1999 The reform initiated by the Kennett government kept few areas of the local government untouched. There were changes in five main policies between the year 1992 and 1999. This involved the amalgamations of the council, financial savings,management of the local council, compulsory competitive tendering and electoral changes (Goldfinch Roberts, 2013). There have been attempts of reforming failed policies but it failed either due to lack of the government control or due to the existence of little interest in reforming the authorities of the public sector. The Kennett government did not lack any kind of apprehension or power and restructured the local government in a dramatic manner. The Kennett government led to the promotion of amalgamation as an instance for the decisiveness of the government in trading with the financial issues of state. During the first year of the operation of the Kennett government, it was expected of the councils for reduction of combined total revenue collected by the preceding local councils by close to twenty percent. During the year, 1995 and 1997, the Kennett government also reduced the expenditures of the local council by around ten per cent. The Kennett government also granted additional powers to ministers for the local government through implementation of the Local Government Act of 1996 for controlling the level of the general council rate (Connell, 2013). This also focused on limiting the spending of the local council. The control of the Kennett government over actions of the local government is extended in managing the new municipalities. The commissioners also had the instructions for ensuring that the newly formed council helped in preparing the business plans for achieving the imposed targets for savings, development of a system of rating for the new council, negotiation and implementation of the bargaining agreements of the staff with the enterprise and in preparing for re-election of the councilors (Aulich, 1999). The new council under the Kennett government also introduced the fixed-term and the employment contracts for the senior officers based on their performance. The Kennett government implemented three primary changes in the electoral basis of the local councils (English, 2003). Firstly, there was reduction in the number of elected representatives for each council that has had a reduction from 21 to 12 through the Local Government Act of 1997. Secondly, the government also ensured standardization of elected council members for three-year term in contrast to the earlier arrangement that implicated a portion of council membership facing the reelection on twelve-monthly basis. The Kennett government also introduced postal voting that replaced the earlier system of maintaining the attendance of the voters at the polling booths. This form of voting focused at increasing the interest and the participation in the elections of the local governments. Under the Kennett government, the local councils remained obligated in following a competitive process of tendering for the activities that accounted for about 20 percent of the total expenditure for ope ration. The Outcome The Kennett government aimed at increasing the efficiency and decreasing the cost of the public sector along with the reduction of its size and scope and reduction of power and pressure of the trade unions belonging to public sector. The reform of the Kennett government expected to help in cost savings and improvements of the efficiencies. The Kennett government also put forward that reforms were necessary as the local councils ran inefficiently and he insisted on overhauling the entire system of the local government so that cost savings trickles down to community. Reforms were also necessary as the Kennett government fundamentally rearranged and redefined the working of public sector thereby leading to a reduction of their role as nonstop provider of the services and goods of the public. Through the reforms, the Kennett government also initiated reducing influence and position of trade unions on local government. Factors Influencing the Public Sector Reform by Howard Government During the first three terms of the office, John Howard resisted the pressures in radicalizing the reform agenda since there was no fixed economic rationale for shifting the gear, as the public were not in a position to be fully receptive for the bigger leap in reform along with the fact that he lacked control of the Senate (Byrnes, 2013). However, by the end of the year 2005, the scenario changed. Firstly, there was a wider awareness of the public in the prospect of the ageing population that coupled with the evidence of the comparatively lower participation rates of the workforce in Australia within the age group of 25 to 54. This acted as a strong economic and fiscal rationale for the governments in addressing the problem of hidden unemployment in Australia. Secondly, by the end of the year 2005, the community values became less friendly to the egalitarian policies of workplace. This reflected changes such as fracturing the solidarity of the worker, the growth of the culture for equity investment, the effects of globalization cumulative in encouraging the competitive individualism and increasing the hostility of the community and the handouts of the government for the able bodied people in the state of buoyant economic conditions. Thirdly, in the year 2004, the coalition gained the control of Senate that paved the w ay for radicalising the reforms. However, in the new cultural and political environment, the Howard government was able to provide a freer rein to the ideological propensities related to the dislikes of the trade unionism and the regulation for worker protection. The Approach of the Howard Government The Howard Government in the year 2005 made changes in the laws of the federal industrial relation known as the Work Choices (MacDermott, 2013). This government put forward amendments to Workplace Relations Act of 1996 by replacing it with Workplace Relation Amendment Act of 2005 that became effective from 27 March 2006. The Work Changes came into operation on April 2006. This involved a transition from the collective bargaining and regulated award towards the individual contracts. This also involved strengthening the power of themanagement over the remuneration and the deployment of the staff. This included the working time, penalty rates, firing, hiring, and the access to the foreign guest workers. Moreover, all at a once, the Howard Government has made the welfare aspect lesser accessible and much more conditional with imposition of tougher penalties for the compliance of the failures (Legreid, 2017). Such a reform of the government helped in extending the newer rules to the not only the sole parents but also the people with disability who is them forced for looking into the part time and the lower skilled jobs. The Howard government has made welfare more conditional and less accessible with tougher penalties for the compliance failures and an extension of new rule to the sole parents and disabled people for looking into part time and lower skilled work. There also existed the fear of losing the eligibility for the welfare benefits that will make it further difficult for the employed workers in exiting from the unsatisfactory jobs or lead to the rejection of the jobs that is lower paid just in case one is retrenched. Therefore, the ultimate impact of changes in welfare system implies further increment of the probable market authority of the employers in comparison to the vulnerable employees. The Howard Government Reform Policies between 1996 and 2007 The Howard Government implemented welfare to work agenda that took care of the unfair dismissals that provided the managers greater flexibility in the management of the human resources that might have a positive impact on the productivity (Butcher, 2013). According to the impact, relating to the distribution of the market power, the Work Choice and welfare to work agenda has been a fundamental break from the past. Therefore, the reforms undertaken by the Howard government includes: Clawing back of the collective reform Ensuring the increase of the managerial autonomy Transformation of an indirect power into the labor laws with the help of independent arbitrator into direct power that will be under the control of the executive. Complete disempowering of many of the workers by essentially redefining the right for welfare. The outcome The reforms undertaken by Howard Government had direct impact on the employment and productivity as it worked towards providing better flexibility in the management of the human resources thereby leading to positive impact on productivity. The reforms also had an impact on the distribution and the aggregate utility as it will provide a fundamental break from the past and help in reducing joblessness. Conclusion: The essay ends by providing an insight into the reform policies of the Kennett government and the Howard government undertaken for the public sector of Australian economy. The Victorian government underwent extreme reform during the 1990 that coincides with the election of coalition government led by Kennett. Thus, the reforms undertaken by the Howard and the Kennett government also brought in certain policies that provided an impetus for change and improvement within the public service of Australia. 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